Are Zoos Good or Bad for Animals - 1132 Words

Starting thousands of years ago, zoos attracted large crowds around the world (Fravel). Because of that, everyone today has seen, been to, or heard of a zoo at least once in their lifetime. However, people are missing valuable information that they need to know about zoos today. Do the zoos really do what most people think? There are 2,400 animal enclosures licensed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, however only 212 are under strict requirements from the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA); keep in mind that those numbers only involve the zoos in the United States (Fravel). Zoos should be banned around the world because they do not do what they promise when it comes to conserving the animals, they cause the animals to†¦show more content†¦The animals kept in the programs are said to be used to recreate the population of that species. However, sometimes the program has a surplus of animals that they have to tend to. If there is a surplus, they will usually sell or trade the extra animals to others zoos, sanctuaries, circuses, and even slaughterhouses. According to a New York Times article, if the zoo is trying to prevent the animals from reproducing they will give the animals contraceptives; in other countries though, they will even euthanize the animals after they are born. The zoos cannot have a successful conservation program if they are also killing and preventing the animals from reproducing. Many of the wild animals that are kept in zoos acquire various psychological disorders. People go to zoos and see elephants bobbing their heads, big cats compulsively grooming themselves, and bears wandering around their exhibits; but the people think nothing of the behaviors their witnessing (Horton). According to Jennifer Horton, a writer for Animal Planet, wild animals in captivity can develop obsessive, repetitious behaviors like the ones previously stated. This phenomenon is called zoochosis and is simply caused by the animals being in a different habitat other than the wild. The animals kept in zoos are exposed to the same stimuli and environment every day, and eventually they start to behave in a tense,Show MoreRelatedZoos Are A Great Place Of Entertainment876 Words   |  4 Pagesall, what are zoos? Many people said that zoos are a great place of entertainment because they can take their families to see lots of exotic animals that you only get to see in books or on TV. O ther said that zoos could be described as some collections of animals found in nature. Of course, all these opinions are true because for me going to the zoo has been always a great place to learn and also have fun in company of my family. In addition, I’ve found that all animals in the zoo have differentRead MoreZoos Are A Better For Animals976 Words   |  4 PagesZoos date back to centuries ago. In the beginning, they were used to scientifically study the habits and behaviors of animals. Since then, zoos have changed. Zoos are now not only used for education, but for modern entertainment. Children love going to the zoo but as people are starting to get older, they are seeing going to the zoo in different perspectives. There a lots of questions pertaining to whether or not Zoos doing any good for animals. People may also argue and say that zoos are good forRead MoreWhy Animals Should Not Be Kept919 Words   |  4 PagesWhy animals should not be kept in zoos? Zoos have been a place for human entertainment since such a long time that it is now widely considered a tradition, giving the pleasure of a wholesome family activity. However, it is also crucial to note that zoos violate the rights of animals to live freely in their natural habitat, upsetting the balance of nature. This paper argues why animals should not be kept in zoos, and also tries to refute various counterarguments which claim that zoos are good forRead MoreZoos And Sanctuaries For The Entertainment Of Human Beings870 Words   |  4 Pagesviewpoints to animals being housed in zoos or sanctuaries for the entertainment of human beings. My personal outlook on this issue, and what I will be discussing in Project 4, is that animals are not in any danger in zoos as long as they are in healthy and comfortable environments. Zoos would tell you that they save endangered species and entertain the public, but animal rights activists would say differently. They say that the violation of the rights of animals is insulting. Animal activists wouldRead MoreImportance Of Zoos704 Words   |  3 PagesZoos are important Zoos have a lot of significance in todays society. Zoos allow people to become more educated on animals that people may never get to see outside of one. Zoos are important because they help animals in conservation programs allowing animals at risk of extinction to live and repopulate. Zoos are good both for the animals they house and the people they attract and educate. Zoos help to conserve a species by keeping them safe in enclosures for human education as well as help theRead MoreWhy Zoos Should Not Be Illegal939 Words   |  4 PagesNeed Zoos Sword has two edged, everything in the world also has a double-edged. When people get benefits from something, but also by the bad side effects. But as long to take certain measures, people will be able to control the bad influence within an appropriate range, so as to obtain maximum benefits. The zoo is a good example. Some people think zoos are cruel to animals and should be illegalï ¼Å'actually this is a very old and wrong view. Although some of the poor economic situation of the zoo willRead MoreZoos Are Bad For Animals1335 Words   |  6 PagesZoos are bad for animals There have been a lot of problems with animals in zoos. It has gotten to the point where zoos are hated and looked upon as a places of animal torture. Are zoos really that bad? Turns out, they are. They do not have enough space, they do not allow the animals to communicate with each other, and they sell the animals to cruel circuses. Have you ever thought what it was like in prison? Well zoos are like prison for animals In 2010, investigators went into a zoo and filmed sickRead MoreZoos Are An Unsafe Environment For Animals1635 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do you see when you think of a Zoo? Usually, people think of a place to hang out with family and friends and are educated on animals. Zoos give an opportunity for city kids or people to see wild animals. A zoo is a place where animals live in and are put on display for people to view. Zoos travel back to as early as 2500 B.C., when nobility started to collect exotic animals. In Europe, sixteenth century, when early explorers traveled to the New World, they brought home all sorts of weird andRead MoreZoos and Exotic Pets: Humanity or an Abomination Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesyears is if animals should be owned by humans. This mainly concerns zoos, private owners and other facilities that hold animals. The public saw this issue and wanted to address it. Big organizations such as PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) are the ones who a re mainly active in this dilemma. The people who are also interested in this issue are those who fit into the category of any side of the argument. Other people and organizations, who are interested in this topic, are zoos or animalRead MoreZoos Are More Than Meets The Eye1253 Words   |  6 Pageswhen you go to visit a zoo. Zoos are painted as a fun and cheerful place people all over the world love to go and visit; they are simply for entertainment. These animals that make the zoo possible are stripped of their freedom and value of life so they can be used for entertainment by hundreds of people daily. The animals are thought of more like couches; sitting and waiting to be moved around from place to place until we grow old of them and â€Å"throw them out†. Leaving zoos to have a negative effect

The Biological, Psychodynamic And Psychodynamic...

Psychological Perspectives This assignment will be analytically comparing and contrasting the Biological, psychodynamic and Behaviourist psychological perspectives. This will be based on their different explanations of human behaviour and the management of mental illness in relation to practical application. AC1.1 Behaviourists differ largely from other perspectives because they view environment as a key role in the development of human nature including personality and mental health. Behaviourists believe these environmental factors have been learnt through classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association, and operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of behaviour. Furthermore the biological perspective believes that all behaviour is determined by genetic, physiological and neurological factors. This approach believes illness such as chemical imbalances, genetic disorders and mental health is the major causes of abnormal behaviour. Biological perspective is based on science, using quantitative and objective methods therefore a large number of resources and studies can be identified. Gottersman and shield’s (1991) twin study is a one of the most recognised biological experiments. The main aim of this study was to test different twin pairs and investigate the concordance rates of schizophrenia in twins. The results found there were a 48 per cent concordance rate among monozygotic (identical) twins and a 17 perShow MoreRelatedPsychodynamic Theories And Theories Of The Psychodynamic Theory Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages This paper attempts to explore psychodynamic theory in depth as well as its presentation in real life as presented by Sigmund Freud. It presents an analysis of the theory in terms of its historical developments and perspectives as well as the ideas of its main supporters. Further, the paper also attempts to bring to light the hidden and unambiguous assumptions made by the theory concerning individuals, groups, families, systems and communities. Additionally, It will attempt to highlight the relationshipRead MoreEssay about Psychodynamic vs Behavioral547 Words   |  3 PagesIn psychology there are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined, not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and compariso ns between two of these perspectives: psychodynamic and behavioral. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;TheRead MoreCarl Jung And Alfred Adler1517 Words   |  7 Pagesincluded Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. Unfortunately, the society disbanded due to opposing views. Some of their opposing views and beliefs surrounding Freud s Psychodynamic Theory. During the early 1900s, as a result of Freud s clinical experiences with patients, he developed the Psychodynamic theory. He developed the psychodynamic theory in hopes of explaining how a person’s life experiences, dictate their behavior. This theory was not widely accepted among his cohorts. Carl Jung believed,Read MorePersonality Is Defined As The Combination Of Characteristics944 Words   |  4 Pages The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, evolutionary, and social learning perspective. This paper will be describing the psychodynamic theory and how its approach signifies one’s perspective. The psychodynamic theory was originated by Sigmund Freud in the early 1800’s into the early 19th century from 1856-1939. Sigmund Freud developed the personality theory psychodynamics to determine how one’s personality is developed. ItRead MoreEssay Compare Contrast 3 Psychological Approaches To The Study Of Criminal Behaviour1190 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast 3 psychological approaches to the study of criminal behaviour Tim Booth Crime has been defined as acts attracting legal punishment (Blackburn, 1993; p.5) and it can fall within numerous legal categories, ranging from crimes against persons, against property, white collar crimes and so on. However, offences such as moral crime, where no law has been broken, also need to be considered, especially when studying the cause and prevention through psychology. Just as the typesRead MoreHow Do Parental Psychiatric Disorders Impact Children? Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Exploration: How Do Parental Psychiatric Disorders Impact Children? According to National Alliance on Mental Health (2016), recent findings have concluded that 1 in 5 adults have experience with a mental disorder in a given year. Children that are associated with these individuals can have different outcomes of life as compared to families without said individuals. These outcomes don t necessarily have to be positive or negative, but they do become a substructure of who you are. AsRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 Pagessoul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due to the uncertainty of truth in these theories, they ended up being the foundations relating to psychological thought. However, throughout the 17th century, the advancement of psychology has exceeded into its own discipline along with the establishment of the six schools of thought. Before psychology had been established as a separate discipline, it firstRead MorePsychology : Psychopathology And Abnormal Behavior1827 Words   |  8 Pagesof psychopathology continue to emerge. Notably, the identification of a better model or perspective that explains psychopathology better than other models continue to elicit varied debates. The prevalence of psychopathology and abnormal behavior is explained by the psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives. This paper will critically compare and contrast the precepts of psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives to determine their success in delineating the presentation and incidence of psychopathologyRead MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 Pages Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamental behaviors and feelings are powerfullyRead MorePsychodynamic approach: the basics1202 Words   |  5 Pagesare; Psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach. I will discuss these 2 psychological theories of development and explain how it accounts for the psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was considered the founding father of the psychodynamic approach. Psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs, Sigmund Freud proposed a psychodynamic theory

Conflict in the Workplace Electronic Communication

Question: Discuss about the Conflict in the Workplacefor Electronic Communication. Answer: Conflict in the workplace has been a global challenge, but it has been attributed to poor strategies laid by the organization towards capping such incidences. Conflict occurs due to the organizations inability to provide very basic services to the employee and employers. For instance, inability to have a well-formulated communication framework, poor job responsibility allocation, biases in the process of salary increment and promotion as well as biasness promote different types of conflicts such as employee to employer , and employee to employee conflicts. However, some conflict has as well risen from ones personal emotions, which may have been brought by the organization or by her/him. From most reviews, conflicts within the organizational set up have various effects such as increased rate of employee turnover, reduced profitability, increase resource wastes by employees and poor productivity. Introduction Conflicts in the workplace have been among the rising trends in most of the organization. According to McConnon McConnon (2011)s research, most of the managers spend almost 25% of the time in the office working on conflicts in the workplace. As also explained by Harper (2012), with the rising cases of globalization, conflicts have been enhanced by various changes within the organization's set up, structures and strategies. Different generation within the workplace has also been one of the major challenges facing most managers within the workplace. According to Henly Lambert (2014), to some of the organizations, conflicts have been positive comparing to most negative cases experienced by most nations. Despite the encouragement synthesized by managers on mild level conflicts, most of the organizational conflicts have always resulted to destructing and a general decline in performance or operations of the organization (Cloke Goldsmith, 2011). Lytle (2015) explains the various types o f conflicts of Interdependence conflicts, differences in style, differences in background/ gender, differences in leadership and personal clashes. According to Institute of Leadership Management ( 2012), the major causes of conflicts have been attributed to, poor communication among employees, and between the employers and their employees. Different personalities among the organizational employees have been one of the other causes of conflicts. Leka De Alwis (2016), also provides three more causes of conflicts in the workplace such as: different employee values, internal and external competition regarding salary, promotion, and productivity and lack of equal opportunities. On the other hand, as explained by Butts, Becker, Boswell (2015), conflict within the organizational set uprising due to unclear job roles, ineffective or insufficiently trained management, an increase in workload, unresolved issues from the past, unfair treatments, poor working conditions and unfair treatments. According to Matsudaira (2017)s research, dealing with conflicts in the workplace is hard, but this relies on the strategies formulated by the organizations mitigating procedures. Regardless of the provided steps of tackling the conflicts within the organizational set up, the process has not yet been achieved. However, sometimes with the help of either employee unions, labor trade unions always solutions have been achieved. In most cases, a conflict has not always been following the required channels of communication. This is based on the nature of conflicts, sometimes it requires direct address form tend manager in comparison to others that may require legal asset procedures of solving. But Shweta Jha (2010), provides the better solution, better keys used in dealing with workplace conflicts, he states the major parts were providing better communication channels, hitting conflicts head on I.e. managers rather managers need to reduce the channels used in solving the conflicts if it's an Internal controlled conflict. Third, he express high optimism in understanding the WIIFM factor, and as manager, conflicts need to be seen as opportunities for learning and teaching. The study will chronicle around the employee-employer conflict at workplace in respect to organizational performance. The study hypothesis includes: H1: Constant employees workplace conflict slows organizational performance H2: Employee-Managers conflicts hinders proper managerial strategy formulations Conflicts for a long time have been part of the failures of some organizations. For instance, conflicts have led to either the distraction of the organizations properties, increased employee turnover, and reduced employee morale which entirely leads to: reduced productivity and the general reduction of the firms profitability. However, according to Karabay, Akyz, Eli (2016), conflict can result in amazing ideas; they can also lead to changes and improvement. Method For the effectiveness of the research, I would involve two Interviewees from one of the major manufacturing company with more than 5,000 employees. I would opt to use such Interviewees, first based on their ability to have a wide perspective of various reactions and behaviors from the other workmates considering it is the company with largest employees within the region. As a nature of displaying gender equality, I would use the companys Human Resource Manager, a female and the companys casual employee who was a man. On selecting, I would decide using the companys resource manager considering their wide knowledge of the companys employees. In most cases, different generation interaction may result in the conflicts, but as for the case, I would opt not to discriminate regarding age differences as there existed several generations within the organization which would have to complicate the whole process of the research. In conducting the Interview I would interview them separately starting with the manager on how they are perceived e the issue of conflicts, their strategies of solving the conflicts, the organizational set up aimed at reducing conflict, the departmental managers on why do conflict always occur at the departmental level, which is the best ways does the departmental level managers solve the issues what are the main causes of the conflicts. As for the employees, I would entirely focus on directly questioned son why do they get involved in conflicts, how does the management vary the issues of conflicts towards solving them? As the way of getting the required data, I mainly focused on using simple questionnaire but mostly applied Interviews as this would help me get the personal experience of the research issue. The question would always vary from employee to the manager. Thus, the data was majorly collected through questionnaires, Interviews, observation and focus groups of the employees and the employers. The whole process would take 2 days with the first day interviewing the executive manager, the second day the employees. Results of Procedures Interview Questions Feedback Manager What are major causes of conflicts at the departmental level? Poor communication strategies between the departmental managers. Inappropriate delegation of a job from the top executives. Poor managerial skills from the top management. Due to personal differences. Noncompliance with the organizational policies and regulation. Misunderstandings. What do you consider when promoting and increasing employee salary? As for the company, we don't have a well-stated platform through which the employee can be compensated; we just award promotions and salaries by the behavioral manner of the employee. How do you handle the conflict cases between employers and employees? We have a structured platform and channel to follow to the final stage. Have you ever experienced any conflict within the organization, if yes how did it affect you like the organization? The key effects accompanied by the conflict would involve, increased employee turnover rates, reduce a rate of production, and low-profit realization. What is the organization doing to reduce the issues of conflicts? Proper Communication. Eliminating biases. Providing an effective framework to salary increments, promotion and in rewards. Employee What are the most causes of conflicts? Poor communication strategies Poor managerial activities Poor job allocation framework. Poor rates and means of salary increment and employee rewards on promotions. Do you consider the process of conflict resolution by the organization to be effective? How do conflicts incidences affect you personally? First, it lowers y working morale, it inserts job insecurity in me and highly results to stress. Discussion As per the results, conflicts result from various organizational challenges which are brought by both the organizational management and employees. Conflict is the reality within organizational setup and it has the negative impact on the functioning and the operations of the organization. As from the results received, the nature of conflict tends to vary depending on the nature of activities. It would be clear that there exist differences between the employees and employees, managers and departmental mangers and between departmental managers themselves. The major reasons for the occurrences of these conflicts as defined from both the employee and managers are poor nature of communication. Communication is an important tool for passing information. Inadequate or inaccurate information or message creates differences responsibilities within the workplace creating a channel to conflicts. As explained by Ko (2016), the nature of communication within the business entity may result in either its destruction or its construction. On the other hand, major causes of conflicts would entirely involve biases in the process of promotion within the organization. This reflects the nature of either nepotism, racism. As explained by Lawless Trif (2016), conflicts have significant impacts towards the companys daily activities and the level of productivity. He explains that, conflicts form the major causes of organizational strikes which may lead to material destructions. In most of the incidence, strikes usually result in either a closure or a temporal closure of some organization. Conflicts have a negative impact based on the decreased rate of production. Better productivity within an organizational set up is achieved with well-established strategies that provide employees with the working morale (Johnson Keddy, 2010). Thus, conflicts lead to employee morale reduction, increased employee turnover which leads to the general reduction in the organizational productivity. The whole process of conflicts as described by solving through some steps such as maintaining a positive outlook, as a manager there is need to establish a program aimed at providing the fair rate of promotion and salary increment . Conflicts cases can as well be reduced through establishing a good structure framework in case there exists no current conflict resolution framework. References Butts, M. M., Becker, W. J., Boswell, W. R. (2015). Hot Buttons And Time Sinks: The Effects Of Electronic Communication During Nonwork Time On Emotions And Work-Nonwork Conflict. Academy of Management Journal , 53 (8), 763-788. Cloke, K., Goldsmith, J. (2011). Resolving Conflicts at Work: Ten Strategies for Everyone on the Job. John Wiley Sons, . Harper, J. (2012). 10 Tips for Tackling the Toughest Workplace Conflicts. Retrieved 04 5, 2017, from https://money.usnews.com/money/careers/articles/2012/07/18/10-tips-for-tackling-the-toughest-workplace-conflicts Henly, J. R., Lambert, S. J. (2014). Unpredictable Work Timing In Retail Jobs: Implications For Employee Work-Life Conflict. ILR Review. , 67 (3), 986-1016. Institute of Leadership Management, (2012). Managing Conflict in the Workplace. Routledge. Johnson, C., Keddy, J. (2010). Managing Conflict at Work: Understanding and Resolving Conflict for Productive Working Relationships. Kogan Page Publishers. Karabay, M. E., Akyz, B., Eli, M. (2016). Effects of Family-Work Conflict, Locus of Control, Self Confidence and Extraversion Personality on Employee Work Stress. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016 , 235, 269-280. Karabay, M. E., Akyz, B., Eli, M. (2016). Effects of Family-Work Conflict, Locus of Control, Self Confidence and Extraversion Personality on Employee Work Stress. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016 , 235, 269-280. Ko, C.-H. (2016). Exploring The Relationship Of Conflict Between Family And Work Among Hotel Employees. International Journal of Organizational Innovation. , 8 (3), 239-247. Lawless, J., Trif, A. (2016). Managing interpersonal conflicts at work by line managers. Irish Journal of Management , 35 (1), 74-87. Leka, S., De Alwis, S. (2016). Work, Life and Personality: The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Work-life Conflict. South Asian Journal of Management. , 23 (4), 31-53. Lytle, T. (2015). How to Resolve Workplace Conflicts . Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/070815-conflict-management.aspx Matsudaira, K. (2017). Resolving Conflict. Communications of the ACM , 60 (1), 42-44. McConnon, M., McConnon, S. (2011). Managing Conflict in the Workplace 4th Edition: How to Develop Trust and Understanding and Manage Disagreements. Little, Brown Book Group Shweta, Jha, S. (2010). Antecedents of Interpersonal Conflicts at Work-place. Journal of Management Public Policy. , 1 (2), 73-79.

Julius Caesar Tragic Hero (Brutus) Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar Tragic Hero (Brutus) Essay Tragic Hero EssayIn the play the Life and Death of Julius Caesar (just as in all of Shakespeares tragedies) there is much death, much tragedy, and of course, a tragic hero. However unlike most of Shakespeares plays this time the tragic hero is not particularly obvious. Throughout the play a few main characters present themselves as possibilities for being the tragic hero. But as being a tragic hero is not only having a tragic flaw but also entails much more, there really is only one person to fit the mold. The character Brutus is born into power and is higher/better then we are. He has a tragic flaw that causes his downfall and at the end he realizes his mistake (a trait none of the other characters can really claim). Throughout most of the play Brutus is constantly internally conflicted. Does he do what he believes is best for Rome or stay loyal to his friend and leader? Should he assist in the murder of one person to benefit many? Although killing Caesar was in the end a bad choice, Brutus always tries to do what is best for Rome and for the people. However even though all of Brutus motives are good he still has the tragic flaw of pride, which ultimately leads to his downfall. The reason that Brutus gets caught up in the conspiracy is because Cassias appeals to his pride and flatters him with forged letters from the Roman people saying he is a greater leader then Caesar. This flaw eventually leads to his downfall because of all the bad decisions it causes him to make. The first mistake pride causes him to make is to kill Caesar and the next mistake follows right after. Mark Antony, here, take you Caesars body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, but speak all good you can devise of C aesar, and say you dot by our permission; Else shall you not have any hang at all about his funeral; and you shall speak in the same pulpit wherto I am going, after my speech is done. (24) This was said by Brutus to Antony right after Caesars death. Brutus not only allows Antony to live but then allows him to speak at Caesars funeral after Brutus speaks, completely unsupervised. This choice of Brutus is brought about by his pride (and maybe a little bit of shortsighted stupidity). Because of his pride he doesnt believe Antony will oppose him and probably believes he is above anything Antony tries anyway. Brutus also makes a foolish military mistake later in the play not listening to other council because he is so prideful he can only see his opinion as reason. And finally Brutus comes to realize his mistake. At the end of the play after Brutus has lost everything he takes his own life out of despair; and before he dies he makes one last statement. Caesar, now be still; I killd not thee with half so good a will. (44) This final statement by Brutus shows that he finally understands his mistake. That he should not have killed Caesar and that it was his own pride that brought about his downfall. Overall Brutus fits all of the points of a tragic hero much better then any other character. He is a mostly good person who is born into a higher position than the reader. He has the tragic flaw of pride, which brings about his eventual downfall in many different ways. At the end of the play he realizes that he brought about his own downfall; and after his death even Brutus enemy speaks of his greatness This was the noblest Roman of them all His life was gentle, and the elements so mixd in him that Nature might stand up and say to all the world This wa s a man!' (44) Antony said this speaking of Brutus value. This is the final proof that shows Brutus is after all the tragic hero.

The Problem of Speech Genres

The excerpt â€Å"the problem of speech genres† explores the infinite diversity of speech. The manner in which a speech is delivered is said to be unique in every sense or piece of literary work. Speech is said to only have relevance in its immediate context. Once the style and words used in the delivery of a certain speech are moved to another domain, they become irrelevant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Speech Genres specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This inconsistency makes the classification of the types of speech into definite levels difficult. Styles that are common to certain professions or disciplines may give insight into the general orientation of the orator. The genres and styles have a relationship that cannot be changed or modified. In addition, the excerpt argues that style is complex and that it determines the nature of the grammar used in a specific speech. The author stipul ates that communication is the ultimate goal of an utterance and the entire speech. The listener should construct a response according to his or her understanding of the utterances in the speech. The author articulates that an utterance must have a comprehensive meaning and should not be confused for sentences. The excerpt argues that styles used by a speaker are likely to be related to one unique genre. However, the entire speech is related to a standard language common to many people. The author emphasizes that the orator has to have a certain degree of familiarity with the discipline in question to be able to formulate the most apt composition of the speech. Furthermore, words in a speech are given their appropriate meaning by the utterance in which they are contained. In this regard, their primary meaning in the language is discarded. In addition, each utterance must be able to provide a link between preceding and the succeeding ideas in a speech. The orator continuously evaluat es previous utterances in order to construct a meaningful speech. Once the orator understands the current situation, he or she can create a succeeding utterance. The author succeeds in expressing the diversity of styles of speech in relaying verbal information. The details of a speech are explained and their unique nature extracted. In addition, the author explains the most effective way of creating a communication link using speech.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the author breaks down speech communication into its details, the relationship between various styles is not explored. Consequently, this seems to depict genres and different styles as independent languages. This essay on The Problem of Speech Genres was written and submitted by user Aiyana Hurst to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cmo se certifica una traduccin para Inmigracin

Cmo se certifica una traduccin para Inmigracin La documentacià ³n en espaà ±ol para Inmigracià ³n debe traducirse  al inglà ©s. Puede ser  suficiente la traduccià ³n certificada  hecha por una persona bilingà ¼e.   Hay que tener en cuenta que en ocasiones cierto tipo de documentos, como calificaciones acadà ©micas o laborales para su convalidacià ³n, puede que tengan que ser traducidos por un intà ©rprete jurado. Incluso puede ser necesario obtener la Apostilla de la Haya. Pero para la mayorà ­a de los documentos, principalmente en asuntos migratorios  no ser necesario. Y es suficiente con una traduccià ³n certificada hecha por cualquier persona bilingà ¼e por lo que se puede ahorrar dinero en este trmite. Adems, NO es necesaria la firma de un notario. Quià ©n puede hacer una traduccià ³n certificada y cà ³mo se debe realizar Cualquier persona que es amiga del solicitante de un beneficio migratorio (no un familiar) con conocimientos fluidos de los idiomas espaà ±ol e inglà ©s.Debe traducir palabra por palabra. Es decir, no basta un resumen del texto que traduce sino que ha de ser una traduccià ³n fiel y completa.La traduccià ³n debe hacerse en una hoja en blanco, escribiendo con letra legible y tinta negra o -preferible- en computadora. Al finalizar la traduccià ³n es cuando se inserta, en la misma hoja, el siguiente modelo de carta que se seà ±ala a continuacià ³n y en el que se certifica que la persona que la ha traducido tiene conocimientos fluidos de inglà ©s y espaà ±ol y que ha realizado con competencia la traduccià ³n. Ejemplo de modelo de carta que se coloca al final de la traduccià ³n para certificarla I certify that I am competent to translate from Spanish to English and that the above Marriage Certificate of Pedro Sanchez and Marà ­a Garcà ­a is a correct and true translation to the best of my knowledge and belief. Signed: Tito Jandro  Caramà ©sAddress: 163 W. 36th Street, NY NY 10017Phone number: 917  21  63  68Date: February 7th, 2017 Notas sobre esta certificacià ³n de la traduccià ³n Obviamente el nombre o nombres de las personas sobre las que trata el documento y el tipo de documento. En el ejemplo se utiliza un certificado de matrimonio.En Signed, adems de poner el nombre completo de la persona que hizo la traduccià ³n, hay que acordarse siempre de firmar.La direccià ³n y el nà ºmero de telà ©fono han de corresponder a la persona que ha hecho la traduccià ³n. Segundo ejemplo de modelo para certificar una traduccià ³n I, Carmen Pà ©rez, certify that I am fluent in the English and Spanish language and that the above document is an accurate translation of the document entitle Birth Certificate. SignatureName: Carmen Pà ©rezAddress: 163 W. 64th Street NY NY 10017Date: February 7th, 2017 Que junto con la traduccià ³n certificada de esta manera hay que enviar una fotocopia legible del documento original que se ha traducido. Incluir el derecho y el revà ©s. Ejemplos de documentos para los que es suficiente este tipo de traduccià ³n Actas de nacimiento (conocidas en algunos paà ­ses como certificados) que se incluyen en peticiones de familia.Actas de viudedad, divorcio o anulacià ³n de matrimonioCertificado de matrimonioDeclaraciones juradas sobre el buen carcter moral de un migrante, que se recomienda incluir en peticiones como por ejemplo de perdones. Consejos sobre traducciones para Inmigracià ³n Todos los documentos en espaà ±ol que se envà ­an al Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) deben de ser traducidos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los que se envà ­an a los consulados no siempre es necesario. Va a depender de la polà ­tica de cada consulado, con lo que es conveniente consultar en la pgina web cules son los requisitos. Si se elige  un traductor profesional, deber tambià ©n incluir algà ºn tipo de certificacià ³n sobre la traduccià ³n que realice, por ejemplo siguiendo los ejemplos anteriores seà ±alados en este artà ­culo. Finalmente recordar que no es necesario que estas traducciones està ©n  firmadas por un notario Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

It is intended that small claims should be subjected to a process that Essay

It is intended that small claims should be subjected to a process that is easy to use and cheap for litigants. To what extent do - Essay Example This is important, because the small claims court is clogged with cases, according to the Bello (2010). There were 84,000 cases that were heard in the small claims court system in 2008, which most commonly include consumer compensation cases for faulty services, faulty goods and personal injury; cases for wages owed; and debt recovery for corporate creditors (Bello, 2010). The purpose of the small claims court, according to Bello (2010) is that they are informal courts – litigants can represent themselves, because the focus is on a process that is easily understandable to everybody. Evolution of the Small Claims Courts The evolution of the small claims court procedures have evolved. In 1973, according to the Bello (2010), the upper limit for the small claims court was only ?75. Obviously, the amount has grown substantially by then, and is going to grow even more. More importantly, the process has been streamlined by the changes in the Civil Procedure Rules which stated that, i n 1998, that there would be one set of rules for the civil claims in the high court and the county court, and that there would be special provisions made for small claims. ... This TCE Act, according to the HM Court and Tribunals Service, instituted a way of handling reviews and appeals. There is an Upper Tribunal, which decides appeals from the First-tier Tribunal. Each of these tribunals are also split into Chambers, each of which have their own rules and procedures. What this has done, according to the HM Courts and Tribunals Service, is provided a single mechanism by which a litigant may appeal the tribunal's decision. The Upper Tribunal's decision is not final, however, as it may also be appealed to the Court of Appeal (HM Court and Tribunal's Service). Mediation Probably the most important method that is being used to streamline the process of small claims, is the process of mediation. This has made the process cheaper and easier to use, at least in theory. Tagg (2010) explains that mediation in the English and Welsh courts began around 20 years ago with commercial disputes, and around 10 years ago for small claims issues. The rules of mediation are governed by Civil Justice Reforms implemented in 1999, and codified in the Civil Procedure Rules. In the small claims court system, according to Tagg (2010), there were reforms put into place in 2005/2006, in which the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) was made free to users. This is because the low amount of the claims would make paying for mediation not cost-effective. The small claims mediation service, which was implemented in the Manchester County Court after the reforms, was the most effective, and resulted in the greatest satisfaction and settlements. So, this was rolled out across England and Wales, and has since become well-established. This is a voluntary service (Tagg, 2010). The mediation process has some aspects in common, according to Reid (2007). Reid

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

American History - Essay Example Reformation, which is generally considered to have begun in 1517, came about after well over a century of growing problems within the Roman Catholic Church. As early as the fourteenth century, religious and civic leaders were calling for church reform, and humanists of the early Renaissance as well and the general public were criticizing corruption in the church3. In England, ever since the late thirteenth century, there had been rivalry between the crown and the church over matters such as taxes, the judicial authority of the Roman Catholic Church, and clerical property rights. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the rise of humanism further heightened the conflict4. Certain events such as the Popish Plot in 1678, the 1679-81 Exclusion Crisis, and the 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes exacerbated anti-Catholic sentiment in England. Anti-popery convinced the Carolina proprietors to to support the Protestant cause. Their aim was to recruit settlers to produce semi-tropical products whose sale would enrich England. Not wishing to weaken England by draining away its population, the proprietors under English private sponsorship encouraged a significant emigration of the Huguenots, Calvinist martyrs in Catholic absolutist France who were in search of a refuge. Economically, the 1660s and 1670s were a period of growth due to commercial expansion, but politically these years were full of instability and crises fuelled by an acute and sometimes hysterical fear of Catholicism, which was referred to as Popery. This proved to be an essential element in the making of Protestant England, serving the purpose of the â€Å"evil God† in the creation m yth. Popery was everyone’s worst nightmare, and was a catalyst for real as well as imagined menaces to the English nation. The Marian persecutions of the 1550s, the 1588 Great Armada, the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, and the Irish Rebellion of 1641 were collectively perceived as instances of how demoniac Catholic forces could

Han Poems ( Chinese Poetry ) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Han Poems ( Chinese Poetry ) - Research Paper Example It is worthwhile to note that the Han dynasty led to the development of different poetic forms. Thirdly, China has the modern period poetry that is characterized by westernized free poetry structure (Maghiel Van Crevel 405). The Han poetry also known as classical poetry was developed during the Han period. This is the period during which, the Chu lyrics advanced and evolved into the fu lyric. In this lyrical pattern, a poem is simply in rhymed verse except for the introduction and the concluding passages, which are in prose. More often, the introductory and concluding parts of the poem are in the systematic form of questions and answers. This form is often referred to as poetic essay. For instance, Xi Kang’s Qin Fu is a perfect of the poetic form in this context. The Han poetry was also characterized by the yue fu poems (newpages.com). The yue fu poems are simply song lyrics that were inclusive of indigenous folk songs as well as, versions of renowned artists such as Li Bai. T he literary history of Chinese history was dominated by the fu genre which is a descriptive prose combined with verse. The Han period is described as an important cultural flowering age of the Chinese poetry. ... , the emergence of the Han poetry, Confucius has the credit of revolutionizing the Han poetry due to his effort in educating pupils on poetry by use of the book of songs whose impact on Chinese literature led to the undisputed success of the Chinese poetry. Undisputedly, the vigor and realism of the Han art inclusive of poetry is notably among the most sophisticated periods in Chinese lengthy history. Most people fond of art are curious to find out the founder of the Han poetry who is none other than Liu Pang. Liu Pang (forum.kungfumagazine.com). In a comprehensive detail, the Han poetry was written during the period dating back to 206 B.C-A.D.220. The Han dynasty lasted during this period. The form of writing was simply the â€Å"yuefu† style. A later period of the Eastern Han was characterized by poems, which were in the form of five characters in each line. The repetitive use of five characters in each line stood out as the distinguishable attribute that achieved melodious smoother effect evoking subtler human feelings. The Han poetry was written in the form of the fu genre until the classical period when it began to develop into the modern known as Shi form. In contrast to the fu genre, the Shi form has seven characters in each line. The Han poetry entailed the use of an adopted persona to address a wide range of topics in the ancient Chinese society (Maghiel Van Crevel 344). Concisely, the Han poetry is a reflection of the territorial expansion of China hence the purpose for which it was written was to record the history of China. During the Han period, China experienced a drastic development in knowledge, which led to its tremendous expansion linking it to other countries such as Syria, Iran and India. The Han poetry gives a detailed account of the sorrow filled,

Islam and terrorism

Islam and terrorism INTRODUCTION When the terrorists attacked the United States on the morning of September 11, 2001, they set in motion a sequence of events that demonstrated unequivocally the power and influence ofterrorism. Less than two hours of unimaginable violence by nineteen terrorists led to repercussions felt around the world. Beyond the death and destruction that the terrorists caused more than 3,000 people were killed in the suicide attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. They also inflicted a deep psychological wound upon United States and the rest of the world.[1] Although the United States had experienced major terrorist attacks on its soil in the past, including the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center and the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, the September 11 attacks were beyond most peoples worst nightmare. Hijacked planes crashing into U.S. landmarks and live television coverage of the twin towers of the World Trade Center collapsing images that will likely be etched in ones mind forever. The tragedy of September 11, 2001, has revealed the roots of deep planetary contradictions that threaten the world community and indeed life itself on planet Earth. This act of unprecedented terror against thousands of innocent people ought, at last, to start humanity thinking about the stark incompatibility of modern achievements in the areas of scientific knowledge, human rights, and the establishment of human moral standards with ideological, nationalistic, or religiousfanaticism in any form. Lately, most of the terrorismseems to be about Islam, and it all seems to be the same. By all accounts the specter of jihadism looms large. Even if we suspend the belief for a moment and simply cast aside all those terrorist groups that clearly have nothing at all to do with the Islamic religionthe Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, the FARC in Colombia and the IRA in Ireland (to name but a few)we are still left with a slew of seemingly similar groups all motivated by and distorting Islam to suit their own ends[2]. The anatomy of propaganda The document found in a suitcase belonging to leading September 11, 2001, terrorist Muhammed Atta further strengthens this belief. The suitcase document is reproduced below and analysed in the ensuing paragraph: Pray during the previous night. Remember God frequently and with complete serenity. Visualize how you will respond if you get into trouble. Read verses of the Quran into your hands and rub them over your luggage, knife, and all your papers. Check your weapons, perform ablution before you leave your apartment, and remember God constantly while riding to the airport. Take courage and remember the rewards which God has promised for the martyrs. [3] The suitcase document is remarkable for four reasons. First, it embodies a classic ascetical strategy for applying formulaic principles to intended actions. Second, it shares much in common with repetitive techniques for self-hypnosis. Third, it bears a striking resemblance to mainstream traditions such as Catholicism in ascetical manuals like The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola or The Rule of St. Benedict that says, keep death daily before ones eyes. Whether or not such manuals threaten human freedom depends, of course, on the various contexts in which they have been presented. If in the wrong hands they can function as formulas and meditations both for indoctrination and for fighting holy wars. Fourth, the document from the suitcase directly connectsreligiousformulas and meditations with intentions to perpetrate mass murder. Practical checklists of objectives, terrifying in magnitude, are interwoven withreligiousstatements and then repeated and applied as mantras of s elf-indoctrination. Religion The Terrorists Best Weapon Whileterrorism even in the form of suicide attacks is not an Islamic phenomenon by definition, it cannot be ignored that the lions share of terrorist acts and the most devastating of them in recent years have been perpetrated in the name of Islam. This fact has sparked a fundamental debate both in the West and within the Muslim world regarding the link between these acts and the teachings of Islam. Most Western analysts are hesitant to identify such acts with the bona fide teachings of one of the worlds great religions and prefer to view them as a perversion of a religion that is essentially peace-loving and tolerant. Western leaders such as George W. Bush and Tony Blair have reiterated time and again that the war againstterrorismhas nothing to do with Islam. It is a war against evil[4]. Modern International Islamistterrorismis a natural offshoot of twentieth-century Islamic fundamentalism. The Islamic Movement emerged in the Arab world and British-ruled India as a response to the dismal state of Muslim society in those countries: social injustice, rejection of traditional mores, acceptance of foreign domination and culture. It perceives the malaise of modern Muslim societies as having strayed from the straight path (as-sirat al-mustaqim) and the solution to all ills in a return to the original mores of Islam. The problems addressed may be social or political: inequality, corruption, and oppression. But in traditional Islamand certainly in the worldview of the Islamic fundamentalistthere is no separation between the political and thereligious. Islam is, in essence, both religion and regime (din wa-dawla) and no area of human activity is outside its remit. Be the nature of the problem as it may, Islam is the solution.[5] The role of religion of Islam needs closer examination since the majority of terrorists of contemporary times are practising the religion of Islam. One of the enduring questions is what religion of Islam has to do with this. Put simply, does religion of Islam cause terrorism? Could these violent acts be the fault of religion-the result of a dark strain of religious thinking that leads to absolutism and violence? Is religion the problem or the victim? When one looks outside ones faith it is easier to blame religion. In the current climate of Muslim political violence, a significant sector of the American and European public assumes that Islam is part of the problem. The implication of this point of view is the unfortunate notion that the whole of Islam has supported acts of terrorism. Most Muslims refused to believe that fellow members of their faith could have been responsible for anything as atrocious as they September 11 attacks-and hence the popular conspiracy theory in the Muslim world that somehow Israeli secret police had plotted the terrible deed. Recently, however, Islam and fundamentalism are tied together so frequently in public conversation that the term has become a way of condemning all of Islam as a deviant branch of religion. But even in this case the use of the term fundamentalism allows for the defenders of other religions to take comfort in the notion that their kind of non-fundamentalist religion is exempt from violence or other extreme forms of public behaviour.[6] CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY Statement of Problem Terrorism has been a persistent feature of warfare and the international security environment for centuries. The magnitude and impact of terrorism has not remained consistent but rather has ebbed and flowed over the course of time. Today terrorism has emerged as one of the most significant international and regional security issues. The terror attacks of Sep 11 have brought about a lasting change in the way contemporary society perceives the religion of Islam. The perception of the people all across the globe has been that Islam is source of violence. Scope Islam is a vast religion and consists of various facets. The dissertation would aim to study the historical perspective of terrorism, conceptualise terrorism and then determine how religion is used as a motivator for terrorism before studying the Quranic interpretations associated with the violence and finally aim to answer the question Is there a link between Terrorism and Islam. The scope does not cover the causes and motivators of terrorism like cultural conflict, globalisation, and economic disparity e.t.c. but is limited to investigate the general belief that Islam is associated with the terrorism. Methods of Data Collection Data for this research has been collected from the following sources: Books, journals, periodicals and studies on the subject. Authenticated information from selected web sites. A bibliography of the books, periodicals and web sites referred to is appended at the end of text. Organisation Of The Dissertation Topic is intended to be dealt in the sequence enumerated below: Introduction Methodology The Genesis of Terrorism A historical perspective. Conceptualising terrorism Definitions. How religion is used as a motivator for terrorism. Interpretations of Quran and Terrorism. Conclusion Is there a link between Islam and terrorism? CHAPTER III THE GENESIS OF TERRORISM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Introduction The terrorism is as old as the human civilization. Although the use of violence has been integral to the human beings in the entire process of evolution. Zealots of Judea. The earliest known organization that exhibited aspects of a modern terrorist organization was the Zealots of Judea. Known to the Romans as sicarii, or dagger-men, they carried on an underground campaign of assassination of Roman occupation forces, as well as any Jews they felt had collaborated with the Romans. Eventually, the Zealot revolt became open, and they were finally besieged and committed mass suicide at Masada fortress. The Assassins. The Assassins were the next group to show recognisable characteristics of terrorism, as we know it today. A breakaway faction of Shia Islam called the Nizari Ismalis adopted the tactic of assassination of enemy leaders because the cults limited manpower prevented open combat. Their leader, Hassam-I Sabbah, based the cult in the mountains of Northern Iran. Their tactic of sending a lone assassin to successfully kill a key enemy leader at the certain sacrifice of his own life (the killers waited next to their victims to be killed or captured) inspired fearful awe in their enemies. The Zealots of Judea and the Assassins were forerunners of modern terrorists in aspects of motivation, organisation, targeting, and goals. Although both were ultimate failures, the fact that they are remembered hundreds of years later, demonstrates the deep psychological impact they caused. The period between 14th and 18th century was of relative calm. From the time of the Assassins (late 13th century) to the1700s, terror and barbarism were widely used in warfare and conflict, but key ingredients for terrorism were lacking. Until the rise of the modern nation state after the Treaty of Westphalia[8] in 1648, the sort of central authority and cohesive society that terrorism attempts to influence barely existed. Communications were inadequate and controlled, and the causes that might inspire terrorism (religious schism, insurrection, ethnic strife) typically led to open warfare. By the time kingdoms and principalities became nations, they had sufficient means to enforce their authority and suppress activities such as terrorism. The French Revolution. The French Revolution provided the first uses of the words Terrorist and Terrorism. Use of the word terrorism began in 1795 in reference to the Reign of Terror initiated by the Revolutionary government. The agents of the Committee of Public Safety and the National Convention that enforced the policies of The Terror were referred to as Terrorists. The French Revolution provided an example to future states in oppressing their populations. It also inspired a reaction by royalists and other opponents of the Revolution who employed terrorist tactics such as assassination and intimidation in resistance to the Revolutionary agents. The Parisian mobs played a critical role at key points before, during, and after the Revolution. Such extra-legal activities as killing prominent officials and aristocrats in gruesome spectacles started long before the guillotine was first used. The 19th Century Narodnya Volya. The terrorist group from this period that serves as a model in many ways for what was to come was the Russian Narodnya Volya (Peoples Will). They differed in some ways from modern terrorists, especially in that they would sometimes call off attacks that might endanger individuals other than their intended target. Other than this, they showed many of the traits of terrorism for the first time. These traits included clandestine tactics, cellular organisation, impatience and inability for the task of organising the constituents they claim to represent and a tendency to increase the level of violence as pressures on the group mount. Internationalisation of Terrorism Modern Terrorism. The age of modern terrorism might be said to have begun in 1968 when the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked an El Al airliner en route from Tel Aviv to Rome. While hijackings of airliners had occurred before, this was the first time that the nationality of the carrier (Israeli) and its symbolic value was a specific operational aim. Also a first was the deliberate use of the passengers as hostages for demands made publicly against the Israeli government. The combination of these unique events, added to the international scope of the operation, gained significant media attention. The founder of PFLP, Dr. George Habash observed that the level of coverage was tremendously greater than battles with Israeli soldiers in their previous area of operations. At least the world is talking about us now.[9] Cooperation. Another aspect of this internationalisation is the cooperation between extremist organizations in conducting terrorist operations. Cooperative training between Palestinian groups and European radicals started as early as 1970, and joint operations between the PFLP and the Japanese Red Army (JRA) began in 1974. Since then international terrorist cooperation in training, operations, and support has continued to grow, and continues to this day. Motives range from the ideological, such as the 1980s alliance of the Western European Marxist-oriented groups, to financial, as when the IRA exported its expertise in bomb making as far afield as Colombia. Current State of Terrorism The roots of todays terrorism began to grow in 1990s. The largest act of international terrorism occurred on September 11, 2001 in set of coordinated attacks on the United States of America where Islamic terrorists hijacked civilian airliners and used them to attack the World Trade Center towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. After September 11, it is very easy to be nostalgic about the 1990s. In fact, the post Cold War decade was a very chaotic period. Americans were absorbed by domestic issues and lulled by the fact that the Cold War was over[10]. Summary There were two great forces at work through the 1990s. First, there were the forces of integration, including global economic growth, cross-border development, the communications revolution and the spreading of democracy. The power of these forces was captured in the popular phrase, The End of History. Thats what seemed to be happening after the fall of the Berlin Wall and all of the other great events that were affecting world history. But there was also a second set of equally powerful forces-the forces of disintegration-including religious and ethnic conflict, an ever-widening North-South gap, religious fundamentalism (Islamic and otherwise) and terrorism. The power of these forces was captured in the phrase, the Clash of Civilizations. While I disagree with the ultimate conclusion of Samuel Huntington, the author of that phrase, that the clash is inevitable, Huntingtons words nonetheless capture the import of the forces that were producing post-Cold War conflicts. CHAPTER IV CONCEPTUALISING TERRORISM A few terms that are important to the study of violence in Islam are: terrorism, religious terrorism and Islamic terrorism. A discussion of these terms will permit a comprehensive analysis on the way in which the use of violence sanctioned by the Quran and its interpretations amounts to Islamic terrorism. Terrorism Terrorism is a non-political act of aggression in which the extent of violence used is outside the realm of normative behavior[11]. Terrorists use or threaten to use this violence against combatants and non-combatants to achieve political, social, economical or religious change within a given community. These reforms appeal to the terrorists and do not represent popular opinion of the society from which terrorism arises and terrorists are no respecters of borders[12]. Thus Omar Abdullah, the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir says that there are no well defined or internationally accepted criteria to designate an organization as terrorist. However the UN Security Council has, on occasion, adopted resolutions putting in place specific sanctions and measures against individual countries orcertain terrorist organizations[13]. According to Kofi Annan the Ex Secretary General of the United Nations, the manifestations of terrorism are limitless. The only common denominator among different variants of terrorism is the calculated use of deadly violence against civilians[14]. Terrorists are those who violate the right to life, liberty and security[15] vested in each civilian by the UNs Universal Declaration of Human Rights Resolution: 217 A (III). Thus the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) of the United Kingdom defines terrorism as a movement in which terrorists directly challenge the authority of democratically elected governments to manage their countrys affairs peacefully, according to the rule of law and internationally accepted fundamentals of human rights[16], to satisfy their own liking. Religious Terrorism Religious terrorism occurs when the use of terrorism is systematized by an ideological and fanatical interpretation of a religious text. Religious terrorist groups functioning in the absence of this pretext, create junk terrorism[17]. According to Charles Kimball, religious terrorism functions on the basis of five essential principles. These are: means justify the end, holy war, blind obedience, absolute truth claims and the ideal times. Kimball explains that truth claims are essential points in a religion at which divergent interpretations arise[18]. Extreme interpretations of truth claims provoke the ideology upon which religious terrorism is based. However the authentic religious truth claims are never as inflexible and exclusive as zealous adherents insist[19]. The staunch truth claims professed by religious terrorists, allow them to use religious structures and doctrinesalmost like weapons[20] for their movement. In the process, religious convictions that become locked into absolute truths can easily lead people to see themselves as Gods agents. People so emboldened are capable of violent and destructive behaviour in the name of religion[21]. This conviction creates fanatical interpretations and ideologies that give rise to religious terrorism. Nancy Connors Biggos[22], states that foreign observers are unfamiliar with the extreme interpretations of religious terrorists. Thus scholars often dismiss the rhetoric of religious terrorism as one that is devoid of any strategic motivation. This creates a dearth of quantifiable data that can be used to assess religious terrorism. However Biggo explains that the lack of understanding or data cannot dismiss the fact that religious terrorism is systematized by extreme interpretations of a religious text. Therefore Wener Ruf, states, where God was pronounced dead all notions of morality have been turned into nihilism[23]. Islamic Terrorism Islamic terrorism is a movement in which the violence caused by terrorism is derived from and used to preserve extreme interpretations of the Quran, in an Islamic community. An in-depth discussion of the how Islamic terrorism is invoked from the Quran, will be discussed in a separate chapter. However, preliminarily speaking Islamic terrorism exists where there is a controversy over sacred space[24]or a Kuranic tenet has been violated. Participants of this movement call for unquestioned devotion and blind obedience[25] to the word of God in order to ameliorate un-Islamic conditions. Islamic terrorism is itself a controversial phrase, although its usage is widespread throughout the English-speaking world. Ordinary Muslims who have nothing to do with terrorism find it reprehensible because it forces upon them a label simply because they, too, are believers of Islam. In fact, the common Muslim believes that you are making him a racial hate target by using the word Islam with terrorism. Bernard Lewisbelieves that the phrase Islamic terrorism is apt, because although Islam, as a religion is not particularly conducive to terrorism or even tolerant of terrorism. In his own words: Islam has had an essentially political character from its very foundation to the present day. An intimate association between religion and politics, between power and cult, marks a principal distinction between Islam and other religions. In traditional Islam and therefore also in resurgent fundamentalist Islam, God is the sole source of sovereignty. God is the head of the state. The state is Gods state. The army is Gods army. The treasury is Gods treasury, and the enemy, of course, is Gods enemy. CHAPTER V RELIGION AS A MOTIVATOR FOR TERRORISM The overwhelming problem in the world today, everyone knows, is terrorism, where people in the name of religion kill each other, kill others just to go to heaven, and thinking only they will go to heaven. . Introduction. The dynamics whereby religion becomes a motivator for terrorism is complex but highly understandable. What terrorists groups using this dynamic have begun to understand is that most ordinary citizens are not highly interested in politics nor dedicated to working for social change. Many ordinary citizens are however interested in religion as it relates to their personal lives and morals and because of this they can be emotionally manipulated when they learn of social injustices particularly if they view them through the lens of religious rhetoric. This is specifically true in todays world of instantaneous news coverage where it is possible to whip up political and religious outrage over events that are seen to be bordering on religious threshold. This is certainly true in the case of al Qaeda and its loosely affiliated groups within what is now commonly referred to as the global salafi jihadist movement[26]. Religious Brainwash. Following the Afghan war in which Islamic peoples from many nations came together to successfully throw out the Russian infidel, Osama bin Laden and similar groups have successfully managed to continue to widen their global appeal by showcasing social injustices against Muslims. This helps to create within a wide group of otherwise less connected Muslim ethnic groups identification with the victims and with each other as a caring and responsive community for their Muslim brothers. Typically, these groups make use of the human rights abuses occurring within the Israeli/Palestinian and Russian/Chechen conflicts and now also include the occupations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The making of a Terrorist. While instantaneous and repetitive satellite coverage of worldwide events is enough to show injustices and to even create identification with victims sharing similar ethnic or religious backgrounds it is not sufficiently enough to fuel terrorism. However, with the addition of religious rhetoric it is transformed into a potent mix. This transformation is achieved via the following means:- Great Moral Wrong. First the event is presented as a great moral wrong, a threat to religious morality or purity and as one that must be corrected. The message, which is crafted for unhappy persons, social outcasts or those who are already suffering from religious guilt, is framed as one of good and evil and the listener is admonished to be on the side of good. Mind of God. The second tactic in which religion is used to motivate terrorism is convincing the person that it is possible to know the mind of God. For this purpose scriptures are used, and misused, to clearly identify the social wrongs as evil, immoral or impure. Once identified as threats to morality, this tactic is used to take it a step further with additional scriptures that are used to justify violence in order to destroy the evil. In this way religion is co-opted as the means to morally justify violence in the pursuit of social change. While the world debated about the first strike in the Iraq War (to be carried out by the U.S., Great Britain and their coalition forces), moralists all over the world debated about the doctrine of just wars, thereby holding forth about the mind of God on these matters. Overcoming Guilt. Thirdly, because nearly all religions hold human life as sacred and forbid murder the scriptures are used to break down these prohibitions against taking innocent human lives. Islamic rhetoric for example refers to the infidels, nonbelievers, defiled, impure, outsiders, and sinners. In this manner the intended terrorist act in ways that take innocent human lives without suffering guilt for having done so. Common Cause Fourthly, by using religion as a motivator the terrorist group creates a sense of cohesion and belonging to a higher cause. They prey upon individuals who are alienated and disenfranchised. When these individuals find a cause to belong to, especially when it espouses religious rhetoric of brotherhood, love and hope for the future life they can become powerfully motivated to act in behalf of the group simply for the sense of identity.[27] Heroic Martyrdom. The One of the ultimate uses of religion to motivate terrorism is to hold forth a view of the afterlife, promising rewards in the hereafter for sacrificing oneself in the here and now. This is a particularly potent tactic used with those who feel guilty about their actions in this life and uncertain of their standing with God, and with those marginal members of society who suddenly find themselves centered in a group with a purpose. The Muslim interpretation of afterlife while dying for jihad states that the Prophet will be waiting to welcome the martyr with thousands of virgins lined up for his pleasure. Referring to afterlife one martyr also states, I will have God welcome me with open arms. I will be a true hero in the sky.[28] Between the two recent wars in Chechnya (1994-96 and 1999) similar means were used to convince vulnerable Chechen individuals to sign on the new Chechen jihad which began making use of suicide terrorism in 2000. During this time period terrorist sponsored schools used were opened in the capital Grozny which recruited young boys and girls who lost their fathers in the Russian/Chechen conflicts promising their widowed mothers a good education for their sons and daughters. Unknown to their families these vulnerable young students were indoctrinated into militant Islamic ideas foreign to Chechen experiences of Sufi Islam and some became convinced that the price of belonging to higher glory is to be willing to sacrifice oneself for the group. In the words of a hostage who conversed with one of the Chechen terrorists :- He explained to me that while his greatest dream was to continue his education and go to university and that while he wished to live, even more important for him was to die a martyr. He had become totally convinced that martyrdom was his highest calling in life.[29] Conclusion. Religion has always been used as a means of constructing social justice, expiating wrongdoing or sins, and of modulating emotional states. These means however can also be used to manipulate vulnerable individuals into taking social actions that they might otherwise never have considered or consented to take part in. For instance a colleague in Chechnya reports that the children who attended terrorist based schools were taught to rock and chant repeating Koranic verses that invoke jihad, ideas that their masters consider important to instil. This practice can easily make use of inducing a suggestive hypnotic state; a light trance in which susceptible children who have already reason to want to avenge a murdered parent might be induced to do so. People interacting with such persons mentioned that these young terrorists were brainwashed, rocking, singing and praying often, and readily embracing death.[30] CHAPTER VI QURANIC INTERPRETATIONS AND TERRORISM Approximately fourteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad, the last in the line of the prophets of Islam, received revelation from God known as the Quran, which is the Final Testament. He came with a message of peace and reconciliation, mercy and compassion. Yet, ever since the beginning of the call of Islam, its image and that of Muslims has been subject to distortion, misconceptions, and misinterpretations. This chapter aims at establishing the link between Quran and the distortions in its interpretation which has manifested itself in the form of jihad or the holy-war. Quran and Sanction of Violence The Quran permits violence as an act of defence waged to protect the Shariat in an Islamic community. The Shariat can be explained as a system of ordinances outlined in the Quran and Hadis[31] through which God lays down for mankind the rules of conduct[32]. The Shariat is the guidance for all walks of life individual and social, material and moral, economic and political, legal and cultural, national and international[33]. Muslims are advised to closely follow the Shariat to acquire the well being that God has envisioned for the Islamic community. Preservation of the Shariat is an obligation of every able-bodied individual[34]. Oppression, despotism, injustice and criminal abuse of power[35] of the Shariat by Muslims or non-Muslims[36], must be punished. Quran and Jihad The Quran identifies three main kinds of Jihad that can be used for the punishment of oppression and injustice. These are: internal[37], external[38] and inter-communal[39]. The Quran permits the use of violence as an optional method for all three forms of Jihad but it limits the use of violence in internal[40] and external Jihad. It expands on its doctrine of Jihad and violence, mainly in the context of inter-communal conflicts. In these cases, Muslims can individually determine the nature and extent of Jihad based on the freedom of interpretations, and the geopolitical conditions in which the conflict arises. However the most essential prerequisite in the Qurans discourse on violence is that, force should be used only when the Shariat has been violated and needs to be persevered as the very

Television and College Life Essay -- Television TV

Television and College Life After a long day of classes, I just like to lie down on the couch and relax while watching my favorite television show. Like me, this is how many college students end the day. After conducting a series of surveys and interviews, I realized that, even though we all like to watch our favorite shows, we prefer different shows and watch them at different times in different ways. My overall goal was to determine if there was any difference in television viewing based upon gender. In addition, I hoped to learn: how much TV college students watch per day; if viewers look forward to watching a particular show; if college students use TV as an escape from the everyday pressures; and, if they â€Å"channel surf† or remain with one channel throughout an entire program. Before beginning my survey, I had some preconceived notions about the types of answers that I would obtain. I decided to survey ten college students. I included five male and five female subjects in my survey to be equitable as well as to determine preferences based upon gender in my results. I surveyed two of my male roommates and one female roommate. The remaining participants were random friends who visited our house. This was an easy and effective way to conduct my surveys. Having so many roommates means there are always a variety of people who come and go from our residence. Although this was a simple way to conduct my survey, I was not certain that it would be an accurate sampling. Even though there were a variety of individuals frequenting our house, they seemed to possess many similarities. My fears were unfounded because those surveyed preferred various programs, providing the basis for unbiased results... ...been something like ER or Ally Mcbeal. IUP has 15,000 students; this survey was only a small sampling of the University’s student population. To get more accurate results, I might have surveyed a larger sample of people or included people whom I do not know. Also, I should have conducted interviews with more people whom I do not know well. These changes would have provided a better insight into what type of viewers and viewing habits of people I do not know. Although my results were not what I expected, I am very pleased about what I learned. I have conducted interviews before, but I have never conducted a survey. It was challenging yet interesting to draw up the questions for the survey. In this way I was able to ask questions to which I wanted the answers. Overall I felt this was a worthwhile experience that was educational and enlightening.

Advertising Through Social Media Essay

In today’s business world, social media is being discussed on a daily basis. This phenomenon has taken over the marketing and advertising industries and has changed the way they handle their efforts to attract customers. There is a big misunderstanding that social media are only popular networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, but as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, social media are â€Å"forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and micro blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos). The rise of these online communities has given companies an opportunity to engage in conversations with their customers. This in turn has allowed them to better understand what people are looking for, and tailor both their products as well as their marketing efforts accordingly. One of the main advantages that social media has brought to businesses is the opportunity to advertise their products through this media. As a result, advertising through social media has proven to be more effective than that through traditional media outlets such as radio, television, magazines, newspapers etc. As stated by Stephen and Galak in their article The complimentary Roles of Traditional and Social Media in driving Marketing Performance, â€Å"Social media is a relatively new form of publicity, and yet the impact of more traditional forms of publicity on marketing outcomes has received disproportionately less attention†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. #? ). Although Social media is a relatively new way of advertising, companies are finding it to be more lucrative and successful in driving sales than any other media. In this paper I will examine (i) the financial impact that advertising through social media has on companies,(ii) the targeted demographics for this type of advertising and (iii) consumers’ response to this phenomenon, whether it is positive or negative. Financial Impact of Advertising through Social Media As previously mentioned, businesses are moving away from traditional sources of advertising to more innovative ways that have proven to be more effective. Using the apparel industry as an example, companies are experiencing increased traffic to their websites thanks to their social media ads. They are taking advantage of these sites to further relationships with their customers: â€Å"Apparel brands and retailers that have invested time and resources into crafting a progressive social media strategy have been able to use the medium to further customer loyalty, raise brand awareness, spread advertising messages, create online communities, communicate directly with customers, and in many cases, drive sales† (â€Å"Apparel Industry† 1). Apparel retailers are only one example of an industry that has taken advantage of the reach that social media has. Research conducted by Swedish economists Dahlen and Colliander, on the effectiveness of blogs versus online magazines proves that blogs â€Å"generated higher brand attitudes and purchase intentions† than magazines did (pg. #? ). Their experiment was based on posting the same exact text on seven different blogs as well as seven different online magazines and testing their effectiveness in a scale of consumer response and purchases. The fact that blogs were proven more effective proves that even online traditional ads have lost their power. It is not a matter of posting an ad online, but rather building a sense of trust in costumers’ minds that will drive them to purchase form you. Customers today are faced with more options than ever before, that is why companies strive to maintain close relationships, to make it that much harder for customers to switch to another competitor. Social Media however is not only used to introduce a new product or advertise an existing one, it has also helped companies to regain their reputation after a scandal. After Toyota had to face their decline in sales because of the safety recalls, the company used a combination of Facebook pages and videos on YouTube to promote a â€Å"cool† couple that despite other’s beliefs drove Sienna cars and felt better than anyone else. The combination of these social networking efforts resulted in approximately 2,000 Facebook fans and 15,000 views on YouTube. Within a couple of weeks Toyota experienced an increase in sales, especially in their Sienna model (Taylor, 258). Toyota is a clear example of a company facing both a financial and reputation crisis that with the help of social media was able to regain some of their lost sales as well as their trust amongst its costumers. Clearly social media can have a direct impact on consumer purchasing patterns, and it has increased the amount of online shopping for several companies. Authors Chung and Austria examine in their article Social Media  Gratification and Attitude towards Social Media marketing Messages, the effect that this phenomenon has had on online shopping value: â€Å"According to the â€Å"2010 Social Media Report† from ForeSee results, 69% of online shoppers use social media. Fifty-six percent of shoppers indicate that they visit e-retail websites on a social networking site and that website visiting affects consumer purchase intention† (? ). Costumers find it convenient to visit a company’s Website after seeing an ad in any popular social networking site. It requires minimal effort form the customer and it signifies an important portion of sales to a company. However, Social Media has not only had a positive financial impact on a company, but as it rapidly grows it has now also become a cost for many businesses. Chung and Austria argue how marketers have noticed the increased importance of social media on the marketing mix (product, place, promotion and price). Companies are now opening jobs that focus exclusively on social media. This is an increased labor cost as well as an extra effort for the marketing department, however its proven effectiveness in driving sales outweighs the cost of implementing this department. Targeted Demographics The essence of Social Media is how it’s easily accessible to everyone, thanks to the Internet. It is a 24-hour business that runs in every part of the world. Although many professionals in the field have argued its acceptance and effectiveness, many could not help but notice that there is an age and demographic aspect of it. Not every potential costumer has access to the Internet as well as not all customers feel comfortable purchasing things online. Social Media is targeted to those generations who were born with technologies like this, and are comfortable using them. There are conflicting opinions in this matter, authors Stephen and Galak argue that social media has grown to be widely accepted amongst many age groups: â€Å"Furthermore, while social media was once the domain of younger, tech- savvy consumers who were faster to adopt new technologies, it is now generally considered to have entered the mainstream and covers a broad demographic spectrum with 75% of Internet-using adults in the United States using such social media† (? ). They argue that it is a mistake to believe that only tech avy customers would be influenced by social media, since now more than ever anyone with access to a computer has found it inevitable to come across advertising in popular networking sites. However in their article Friends, Fans and Followers: Do Ads work on Social Networks, authors Taylor et al. argue that â€Å"age and gender shape receptivity† (? ). They state: â€Å"As more advertisers integrate SNA [social networking ads] into their promotional mix, the need for these questions to be answered becomes apparent. Particularly with members of the 18- to 34-year-old demographic, whose digital-video recorder usage and aversion to print media make them an increasingly elusive target, SNA can be a highly effective channel of engagement† (? ). The effectiveness of an ad is not only based on where it is posted but also on who is looking at it. Companies have to pay attention to where they post their advertising based on aspects such as age, gender, location, etc. An ad for dentures that appears on an 18 year old kid’s Facebook page will most definitely not be as effective as an ad for a popular apparel brand. Although there might be certain demographics that affect the effectiveness of advertising through social media, it is inevitable to admit that social media users are a lucrative market that companies need to reach: In 2009, Facebook and Twitter both posted triple-digit growth in the number of users (comScore, 2010). Users appear to be spending more time on social networking sites as well, growing from an average of 3 hours per week in December 2008 to more than 5. 5 hours in December 2010 (Nielsenwire, 2010). To tap this growing market, advertisers spent an estimated $1. billion on SNA [social networking ads] in 2009, with totals for 2010 expected to grow by more than 7 percent (Williamson, 2009). During a single month in 2009, SNA accounted for nearly 69 billion advertising impressions, with 129. 6 million unique users (comScore, 2009). (Taylor, 260) Facebook and Twitter are only a few of the most popular networking sites, and these numbers reflect only the results from these two sites. If all social media outlets would be taken into account the market is even bigger, with more customers to reach. Consumer Response In addition to all the good things that have been attributed to advertising through social media, studies have shown that there is a percentage of customers who have stopped using social media in part because of the amount of advertising that fills these sites. It is impossible to open a popular social media site such as YouTube or Facebook and not feel bombarded by advertising. Most of these ads are trying to sell consumer products, but there is also an increase in the selling of services or the advertisement of not for profit organizations that are looking for support. Marketers have argued that as much as advertising through social media is effective, there is a fine line between effectiveness and annoyance: â€Å"according to one industry-sponsored study, only 22 percent of consumers had a positive attitude toward social media advertising—and 8 percent of consumers studied had abandoned an SNS [social networking site] because of what they perceived as excessive advertising (AdReaction, 2010)† (Taylor, 258). As costumers we all feel constantly approached by companies through their advertisements. It is not only online, but on a daily basis you will encounter companies’ marketing efforts all around. The initial intention behind social networking sites was giving people a chance to build online communities and share content with each other. However this has dramatically changed since now it is impossible not to feel attacked by all the ads. Another growing concern in the minds of consumers is privacy issues. The ads that appear on your personal Facebook page are carefully chosen by a system based on your age, gender, location and past â€Å"click-ons†. These ads are perfectly tailored to those targeted consumers to be more effective. However, having your information available to everyone and anyone is becoming an important issue for social network users. Brad Stone, columnist for the New York Times quotes: â€Å"‘When it works, it’s amazingly impactful, but when it doesn’t work, it’s not only creepy but off-putting,’ said Tim Hanlon, a principal at the consulting firm Riverview Lane Associates of Chicago. ‘What a marketer might think is endearing, by knowing a little bit about you, actually crosses the line pretty easily’† (? . It’s one thing to come across ads that are targeted to everyone and might or might not have an impact on you, but when you see something that looks like it is talking directly to you, it might have a negative impact. The increase in sales through the use of social media has also been attributed to the fact that customers feel like they are engaging in a conversation with other customers when they receive recommendations through social networking sites. Colliander and Dahlen quote: â€Å"In a 2009 article, The Economist reported that contemporary consumers use social media to help make purchases because they rely on â€Å"recommendations from friends† (The Economist, 2009). The word â€Å"friends† seems to indicate some sort of PSI. Are bloggers really friends, however? † Para-social interaction (PSI) refers to the illusion of a face-to-face relationship that is created online. Social media allows these kind of interactions. When reading a blog you might come across a recommendation of where to purchase certain products. These recommendations seem to come from a friend, since in blogs you will most often find the blogger’s name and other credentials. The question is however, are these people really bloggers? Or are they employees of that same company that are using social media to reach potential customers. Are they hiding behind another customer’s face? It is undeniable that people have begun to generate a negative response to advertising through social media for this exact reason. It has lost the essence of being an online community, to being another source through which companies look to improve their sales digits. Looking at all the aspects that deal with advertising through social media, I can’t help but ask myself a question: How much advertising is too much? When will that thin line between annoyance and effectiveness be crossed, and consumers will find themselves walking away from these online communities? Consumers have clearly manifested their discontent towards companies taking over their social network sites. It is an increased concern that information is available for everyone and anyone, and therefore consumers are more apprehensive to sharing their credentials as well as their thoughts online. Should companies start thinking of the effect that their excessive ads will have, and the negative response they might get. I personally believe that ads are unavoidable, however there is a need for stronger rights that protect customer privacy. Companies should not only make an effort to get to know their costumers by engaging in online conversations, but they should also respect the privacy of consumers’ information and refrain from over-advertising in popular social media sites.

6 Bad Work Habits That Are Ruining Your Career

6 Bad Work Habits That Are Ruining Your Career Whether you’re just starting out or trying to revitalize your career, it’s always important to do a lifestyle and attitude check up to make sure you’re not subconsciously sabotaging yourself. Here are 6 bad work habits that you should change if you want to find a path to success.1. RuthlessnessSure, the road to success is littered with ruthless, bloody-minded mercenaries who have tunnel vision- and damn everything and everybody else. But the business world also requires you to be a good team member and collaborator. Try to keep in mind that your success does not need to exclude anyone else’s success, and work together with your coworkers- rather than against.2. ComplainingThis is a waste of your time and energy. For every time you’re tempted to complain, try instead to think of a possible solution, or to channel your energy into something productive and constructive.3. GossipIf you’re a big mouth, spreading gossip or telling insider secrets, or worse- spreading mistruths- then you’re not going to go far. If people feel you can’t be trusted, you won’t ever gain the trust and confidence you’ll need to get to the top.4. DrinkingA drink or two can be a great ice breaker, but you’ll want to be careful not to overindulge. It can impair your function, burden your workweek with hangovers, and cause you to do things you might regret. Keep a hold on yourself socially so as not to lose a grip on yourself professionally.5. ArroganceConfidence in your abilities is one thing. Drive is another thing. Arrogance is just unnecessary. Try not to antagonize anyone with your self opinion on your way up the ladder. A little humility can go a long way.6. LazinessYou have to work hard to succeed. Employers and coworkers can always tell when someone isn’t pulling their weight. Next time you’re tempted to hang back and let others do the work, remember how important it is to pull your own weight an d to give it your all. If you don’t, you’ll never truly succeed.

Sociology Personal Statement for a Graduate’s Program Essay Example

Sociology Personal Statement for a Graduate’s Program Essay Example Sociology Personal Statement for a Graduate’s Program Essay Sociology Personal Statement for a Graduate’s Program Essay Sociology, which sometimes also refers as social science, deals with the scientific study of society. By using numerous types of pragmatic examinations and critical analysis, a sociologist analyze how humans interact with each other or simply how they interact with the society. There are different areas of sociology each examine a unique perspective of humans or society such as social organization that deals with the study of numerous groups, institutes or organizations and social psychology that deals with the study of collective behavior of humans and their attitudes or personalities. To become a sociologist you will first need to complete your graduate from a prospective university and to get admission in that university you will need to write a sociology personal statement. A personal statement is a prerequisite that you need to tackle when you apply to any college or university. It tells the board that evaluates the applications what makes the applicant tick, how he developed an interest in sociology and why he wants to study in this university. There are some personal statements that offer the applicants to pick out their own theme such as medical or law statements. But there are also some that ask the applicant to respond to only given questions such as business related personal statements. Nonetheless, to write an attention-grabbing sociology personal statement that can occupy a slot in your specific university, follow the below listed guidelines. First determine your potential or capability for studying sociology. List down your special skills or past experiences that shows your aptitude for this field. Tell the audience why you are the fit candidate for the sociology graduate program. What makes you special and competent to continue further studies in this field? Recall the history of your academic performance or previous experience that can act as evidence that you can handle the graduate studies in sociology in a competent manner. For instance, show them that you maintained your good performance and high grades while doing a full-time job during undergraduate. It is also important to conduct a little research on the university where you are applying for the graduation program so that you can respond them why their university is the best place for you. For instance, you can discuss their special course that you didn’t find in any other university and how that special course compelled you to seek admission there. Start the draft with an appealing introduction that hooks the board of the university. Open the statement with an interesting anecdote. You can also start with a quotation that gives the readers an idea about your point of view regarding sociology. Describe your qualification, work experience, inspiration or aspiration in the body of the personal statement. Since it is a sociology personal statement you need not to use any jargon but keep the writing simple. In the conclusion of the statement, reiterate the interest in the sociology field and your future goals that you have in mind.